Table 2 Physiological and psychophysical strains before subjects performing cognitive task after 60 min of control condition (CON) and after 60 min of passive heating condition (HEAT) in tropical group (TR) and Japanese group (JP)

37.03 ± 0.07

36.71 ± 0.09^a

37.49 ± 0.09^b

37.43 ± 0.07^b

−0.18 ± 0.05

−0.15 ± 0.04

+0.51 ± 0.05^b

+0.70 ± 0.06^a,b

33.31 ± 0.15

33.34 ± 0.04

35.15 ± 0.20^b

34.77 ± 0.19^b

20.44 ± 1.23

21.18 ± 1.74

72.42 ± 5.16^b

90.39 ± 7.82^b,c

−0.1 ± 0.1

−0.3 ± 0.2

2.5 ± 0.3^b

3.2 ± 0.2^a,b

0.2 ± 0.2

0.4 ± 0.2

−1.9 ± 0.2^b

−2.2 ± 0.2^b

1.32 ± 0.76

0.95 ± 0.42

14.85 ± 1.25^a,b

18.39 ± 1.89^b

−0.77 ± 0.27

−0.40 ± 0.15

2.02 ± 0.59

2.19 ± 0.80

0.55 ± 0.89

0.49 ± 0.52

16.88 ± 1.71^b

21.43 ± 2.15