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Table 3 Summary of studies that assessed association of dermatoglyphics with hypertension

From: Dermatoglyphics in hypertension: a review

Author

County

Group

Ethnicity

Age

Number

Sex

Diagnostic criteria

Dermatoglyphic findings

Lahiri et al. [26]

West Bengal India

Cases

NR

More than 20 years of age

131

NR

Diagnosed as hypertensive and family history of hypertension

Qualitative traits

In hypertensives (both sexes): double loop and arch more and whorl, ulnar loop and radial loop are less.

Quantitative traits

Control

NR

More than 20 years of age

145

NR

Normal blood pressure (not diagnosed as hypertensives) and absence of family history of hypertension

In hypertensives (both sexes): average ridge counts per finger were high. Corrected atd angles were high

Umana et al. [27]

Nigeria

Cases

NR

NR

118

NR

Clinically diagnosed hypertensive patients visiting OPD

Qualitative traits

In hypertensives (female): significantly higher loop and slightly higher whorl and low arch patterns in both hands

Control

NR

NR

126

NR

Normotensive and no family history of hypertension

Rashad et al. [28]

Island of Oahu Hawaii

Cases

American Japanese

NR

Total 742. (the prevalence of hypertension is 9.2)

Males

Hypertension was diagnosed with published criteria by AHA 1960

No significant difference in qualitative traits (finger patterns) or quantitative traits (TRC and ARC)

Control

American Japanese

NR

people who did not develop hypertension

Males

People who did not develop hypertension

Reed T [29]

Indiana USA

Case

NR

Mean 63 years (59–70) at third examination of cohort

308 members of twin cohort

Males

“Hypertensive if first, whether subject was on Anti hypertensive drugs or not. Second, 2 physicians’ diagnostic impression related to hypertension. If the above criteria are not met, thirdly, the blood pressure mean”. If patient not on medication or diagnosed by physician as hypertensive, considered hypertensive if SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and DBP ≥ 90 mmHg

Qualitative traits

There are no useful relationships between dermatoglyphics and hypertension or strong relationships between the presence of certain dermatoglyphic markers of impaired fetal development.

Except subject with high SBP had lower palmar a–b ridge count.

Quantitative traits

In hypertensives: subjects with high SBP had lower palmar a–b ridge count.

Co-twins showed lower ridge counts on the left hand.

Control

NR

316 members of twin cohort

Males

Normotensive defined as those who attended 2 out of 3 examinations, was not hypertensive or not on antihypertensive at any 3 examinations during 14–18-year study period

  1. M male, F female, NR not reported, TRC total ridge count, BP blood pressure, SBP systolic blood pressure DBP diastolic blood pressure, ARC absolute ridge counts, AMA American Heart Association