From: Seasonality in physical activity and walking of healthy older adults
Summer to winter | Winter to summer | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 39) | (n = 34) | |||||
Summer | Winter | p value | Winter | Summer | p value | |
Body mass (kg) | 59.3 ± 9.5 | 59.7 ± 9.6 | 0.0850 | 66.0 ± 9.9 | 58.7 ± 9.2 | 0.0002 |
Body mass index | 24.0 ± 2.4 | 24.2 ± 2.3 | 0.0557 | 24.2 ± 2.4 | 23.7 ± 2.2 | 0.0002 |
Body fat percentage (%) | 24.8 ± 5.3 | 27.4 ± 6.0 | <0.0001 | 27.8 ± 5.6 | 24.6 ± 5.0 | <0.0001 |
Grip strength (body weight) | 0.507 ± 0.103 | 0.464 ± 0.091 | 0.0001 | 0.450 ± 0.074 | 0.480 ± 0.093 | 0.0087 |
Single-leg stance (s) | 41.9 ± 22.3 | 46.6 ± 15.8 | 0.0087 | 47.8 ± 15.2 | 42.6 ± 21.3 | 0.0027 |
Steps per day (steps) | 8084 ± 3237 | 6098 ± 2625 | <0.0001 | 6021 ± 2569 | 8581 ± 3397 | <0.0001 |
Cycle duration (s) | 1.013 ± 0.100 | 0.978 ± 0.091 | 0.0006 | 0.970 ± 0.085 | 1.007 ± 0.095 | 0.0048 |
Cycle duration (dimensionless) | 3.54 ± 0.31 | 3.49 ± 0.33 | 0.1710 | 3.47 ± 0.33 | 3.57 ± 0.31 | 0.0228 |
Speed (m/s) | 1.250 ± 0.144 | 1.306 ± 0.181 | 0.0084 | 1.319 ± 0.176 | 1.234 ± 0.153 | 0.0098 |
Speed (dimensionless) | 0.447 ± 0.059 | 0.474 ± 0.067 | 0.0008 | 0.479 ± 0.065 | 0.447 ± 0.060 | 0.0082 |
Stride length (m) | 1.255 ± 0.089 | 1.270 ± 0110 | 0.2325 | 1.274 ± 0.110 | 1.232 ± 0.088 | 0.0241 |
Stride length (dimensionless) | 1.570 ± 0.137 | 1.638 ± 0.152 | 0.0023 | 1.645 ± 0.147 | 1.581 ± 0.145 | 0.0195 |
Trunk pitch range (degrees) | 9.59 ± 2.36 | 10.64 ± 2.24 | 0.0139 | 10.72 ± 2.23 | 9.53 ± 1.92 | 0.0090 |
Head-trunk pitch (degrees) | 6.01 ± 1.49 | 6.91 ± 1.81 | 0.0041 | 7.00 ± 1.71 | 6.19 ± 1.33 | 0.0042 |