Skip to main content

Table 3 Seasonal differences

From: Seasonality in physical activity and walking of healthy older adults

 

Summer to winter

  

Winter to summer

  

(n = 39)

(n = 34)

Summer

Winter

p value

Winter

Summer

p value

Body mass (kg)

59.3 ± 9.5

59.7 ± 9.6

0.0850

66.0 ± 9.9

58.7 ± 9.2

0.0002

Body mass index

24.0 ± 2.4

24.2 ± 2.3

0.0557

24.2 ± 2.4

23.7 ± 2.2

0.0002

Body fat percentage (%)

24.8 ± 5.3

27.4 ± 6.0

<0.0001

27.8 ± 5.6

24.6 ± 5.0

<0.0001

Grip strength (body weight)

0.507 ± 0.103

0.464 ± 0.091

0.0001

0.450 ± 0.074

0.480 ± 0.093

0.0087

Single-leg stance (s)

41.9 ± 22.3

46.6 ± 15.8

0.0087

47.8 ± 15.2

42.6 ± 21.3

0.0027

Steps per day (steps)

8084 ± 3237

6098 ± 2625

<0.0001

6021 ± 2569

8581 ± 3397

<0.0001

Cycle duration (s)

1.013 ± 0.100

0.978 ± 0.091

0.0006

0.970 ± 0.085

1.007 ± 0.095

0.0048

Cycle duration (dimensionless)

3.54 ± 0.31

3.49 ± 0.33

0.1710

3.47 ± 0.33

3.57 ± 0.31

0.0228

Speed (m/s)

1.250 ± 0.144

1.306 ± 0.181

0.0084

1.319 ± 0.176

1.234 ± 0.153

0.0098

Speed (dimensionless)

0.447 ± 0.059

0.474 ± 0.067

0.0008

0.479 ± 0.065

0.447 ± 0.060

0.0082

Stride length (m)

1.255 ± 0.089

1.270 ± 0110

0.2325

1.274 ± 0.110

1.232 ± 0.088

0.0241

Stride length (dimensionless)

1.570 ± 0.137

1.638 ± 0.152

0.0023

1.645 ± 0.147

1.581 ± 0.145

0.0195

Trunk pitch range (degrees)

9.59 ± 2.36

10.64 ± 2.24

0.0139

10.72 ± 2.23

9.53 ± 1.92

0.0090

Head-trunk pitch (degrees)

6.01 ± 1.49

6.91 ± 1.81

0.0041

7.00 ± 1.71

6.19 ± 1.33

0.0042

  1. Mean ± SD. Paired t-test