Table 1 Age-adjusted characteristics of study population by BMI status

No. of participants

122

150

Age, years

66.5 ± 4.4

66.7 ± 4.4

Circulating CD34-positive cells, cells/μL

1.33

1.55

0.231

Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), UI/L

239

225

0.065

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

134

139

0.016

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

81

87

<0.001

Body mass index (BMI), kg/m²

20.9

25.7

<0.001

Current drinker, %

76.4

84.5

0.088

Current smoker, %

28.4

20.3

0.111

Serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL), mg/dL

61

54

<0.001

Serum triglycerides (TG), mg/dL

104

127

0.046

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), %

5.6

5.8

0.027

Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), IU/L

24

26

0.105

Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), IU/L

20

26

<0.001

Serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GTP), IU/L

36

53

0.007

Serum calcium (Ca), mg/dL

9.3

9.3

0.208

Serum phosphorus (P), mg/dL

3.3

3.3

0.455

Serum creatinine, mg/dL

0.82

0.86

0.016

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), mL/min/1.73 m²

75.1

71.2

0.023