Mitochondrial DNA 5178 C/A polymorphism modulates the effects of coffee consumption on elevated levels of serum liver enzymes in male Japanese health check-up examinees: an exploratory cross-sectional study

Table 2 Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for high levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by Mt5178 C/A genotype and coffee consumption

Genotype and coffee consumption	Frequency (%)		OR (95 % CI)	Adjusted OR^a (95 % CI)
	Normal levels of serum AST	High levels of serum AST
	Serum AST levels <30 U/L	Serum AST levels ≥30 U/L
Mt5178C
<1 cup per day	87 (75.6)	28 (25.4)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
1–2 cups per day	66 (83.5)	13 (16.5)	0.612 (0.295–1.272)	0.490 (0.212–1.134)
≥3 cups per day	51 (89.5)	6 (10.5)	0.366 (0.142–0.942)*	0.242 (0.081–0.730)*
			P for trend = 0.026	P for trend = 0.013
Mt5178A
<1 cup per day	49 (79.0)	13 (21.0)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
1–2 cups per day	56 (82.4)	12 (17.6)	0.808 (0.337–1.934)	0.833 (0.294–2.362)
≥3 cups per day	34 (85.0)	6 (15.0)	0.665 (0.230–1.923)	0.818 (0.231–2.901)
			P for trend = 0.438	P for trend = 0.656

*P < 0.05
^aOR adjusted for age, body mass index, habitual alcohol consumption, habitual smoking, green tea consumption, antihypertensive treatment, and antidiabetic treatment

ISSN: 1880-6805