Mitochondrial DNA 5178 C/A polymorphism modulates the effects of coffee consumption on elevated levels of serum liver enzymes in male Japanese health check-up examinees: an exploratory cross-sectional study

Table 3 Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for high levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by Mt5178 C/A genotype and coffee consumption

Genotype and coffee consumption	Frequency (%)		OR (95 % CI)	Adjusted OR^a (95 % CI)
Genotype and coffee consumption	Normal levels of serum ALT	High levels of serum ALT	OR (95 % CI)	Adjusted OR^a (95 % CI)
	Serum ALT levels ≤30 U/L	Serum ALT levels >30 U/L
Mt5178C
<1 cup per day	82 (71.3)	33 (28.7)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
1–2 cups per day	56 (70.9)	23 (29.1)	1.021 (0.543–1.919)	0.797 (0.375–1.694)
≥3 cups per day	45 (79.0)	12 (21.0)	0.663 (0.312–1.409)	0.407 (0.148–1.115)
			P for trend = 0.346	P for trend = 0.090
Mt5178A
<1 cup per day	41 (66.1)	21 (33.9)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
1–2 cups per day	51 (75.0)	17 (25.0)	0.651 (0.304–1.392)	0.416 (0.160–1.080)
≥3 cups per day	26 (65.0)	14 (35.0)	1.051 (0.456–2.425)	0.695 (0.249–1.941)
			P for trend = 0.953	P for trend = 0.285
	Serum ALT levels <25 U/L	Serum ALT levels ≥25 U/L
Mt5178C
<1 cup per day	64 (55.6)	51 (44.4)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
1–2 cups per day	49 (62.0)	30 (38.0)	0.768 (0.428–1.379)	0.556 (0.274–1.129)
≥3 cups per day	43 (75.4)	14 (24.6)	0.409 (0.202–0.828)*	0.198 (0.077–0.512)**
			P for trend = 0.015	P for trend < 0.001
Mt5178A
<1 cup per day	32 (51.6)	30 (48.4)	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
1–2 cups per day	38 (55.9)	30 (44.1)	0.842 (0.422–1.680)	0.805 (0.364–1.781)
≥3 cups per day	22 (55.0)	18 (45.0)	0.873 (0.393–1.938)	0.585 (0.212–1.611)
			P for trend = 0.701	P for trend = 0.353

*P < 0.05; **P < 0.001
^aOR adjusted for age, body mass index, habitual alcohol consumption, habitual smoking, green tea consumption, antihypertensive treatment, and antidiabetic treatment

ISSN: 1880-6805