Fig. 4

a Percent pupil constriction under three irradiance conditions (mean + standard error of the mean). Percent pupil constriction was calculated by the equation [(baseline PD − minimum PD after exposure to pulsed light) / baseline PD] × 100. The main effect of irradiance on percent pupil constriction was significant (p < 0.01). Multiple comparisons by the Bonferroni procedure found that irradiance conditions under 15 and 20 μW/cm² resulted in significantly pronounced pupillary constriction when compared with conditions under 10 μW/cm²; however, there was no significant difference in those under 15 and 20 μW/cm² irradiance conditions. b Percent pupil constriction under three wavelength conditions (mean + standard error of the mean). The main effect of wavelength on percent pupil constriction was significant (p < 0.01). Multiple comparisons found that the percent pupil constriction during exposure to a pulse of blue light (B) was significantly more pronounced than during exposure to a pulse of green light (G). Interestingly, the percent pupil constriction during simultaneous exposure to blue and green (B + G) light was significantly inhibited than during exposure to a pulse of blue light (B). *p < 0.05 **p<0.01