Table 3 Mean values of physical performance tests, range of motion, and muscle strength

 Functional reach Test (cm)

30.1 ± 4.9

18 − 45

 5 m gait test (s)

3.3 ± 0.7

2.5 − 6.9

 Four square step test (s)

6.7 ± 1.8

4.3 − 17.0

 Timed up and go test (s)

6.9 ± 1.5

4.6 − 15.7

 Five times sit-to-stand test (s)

7.5 ± 2.0

4.3 − 14.7

 Hip flexion

122.6 ± 10.8

53 − 144

 Hip extension

16.8 ± 4.5

8 − 27

 Knee flexion

127.6 ± 8.3

104 − 144

 Hip internal rotation

27.9 ± 6.1

14 − 47

 Hip external rotation

28.5 ± 4.9

17 − 42

 Ankle dorsiflexion

17.7 ± 6.0

5 − 31

 Ankle plantar flexion

58.0 ± 7.9

28 − 74

 Knee extension strength

174.1 ± 53.3

71.8 − 339.5

 Knee flexion strength

80.2 ± 27.7

27.0 − 164.5