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Table 5 Health-related indices for women with sarcopenia as defined by DXA-measured ASM or predicted ASM in the development and cross-validation groups

From: Development of prediction equations for estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass in Japanese men and women

 

Sarcopenia defined by DXA-measured ASM

P value*

Sarcopenia defined by predicted ASM

P value*

 

Normal

Class 1 sarcopenia

Class 2 sarcopenia

One-way ANCOVA

Post hoc analysis

Normal

Class 1 sarcopenia

Class 2 sarcopenia

One-way ANCOVA

Post hoc analysis

N

577 (56.3%)

358 (34.9%)

90 (8.8%)

–

–

557 (54.3%)

443 (43.2%)

25 (2.4%)

–

–

Age (years)

54 ± 16

54 ± 16

56 ± 16

–

–

52 ± 15

56 ± 17

64 ± 19

–

–

Height (cm)

156.4 ± 6.3

156.5 ± 5.9

155.8 ± 6.0

N.S.

 

157.0 ± 6.0

155.8 ± 6.1

151.0 ± 5.5

< 0.001

a, b, c

Weight (kg)

56.9 ± 7.2

50.7 ± 5.3

47.0 ± 4.9

< 0.001

a, b, c

58.2 ± 6.4

49.2 ± 4.1

40.8 ± 3.5

< 0.001

a, b, c

BMI (kg/m2)

23.3 ± 2.8

20.7 ± 2.0

19.4 ± 1.8

< 0.001

a, b, c

23.6 ± 2.6

20.3 ± 1.7

17.9 ± 1.4

< 0.001

a, b, c

Waist circumference (cm)

82.6 ± 9.7

77.5 ± 8.0

75.0 ± 7.4

< 0.001

a, b, c

83.0 ± 9.7

77.0 ± 7.7

72.3 ± 7.7

< 0.001

a, b, c

% body fat (%)

28.8 ± 6.1

28.2 ± 5.4

29.0 ± 4.7

N.S.

 

30.3 ± 5.7

26.7 ± 5.1

23.8 ± 5.1

< 0.001

a, b, c

LEP/weight (W/kg)

15.4 ± 4.2

15.0 ± 4.2

13.6 ± 3.6

< 0.001

b, c

15.4 ±4.2

14.8 ± 4.2

12.5 ± 3.9

N.S.

 

Handgrip strength (kg)

26.3 ± 4.7

24.7 ± 3.8

22.7 ± 4.0

< 0.001

a, b, c

27.2 ± 4.3

23.6 ± 3.6

19.1 ± 2.5

< 0.001

a, b, c

Whole-body BMD (g/cm2)

1.031 ± 0.122

1.004 ± 0.108

0.972 ± 0.112

< 0.001

a, b, c

1.044 ± 0.114

0.986 ± 0.112

0.919 ± 0.116

< 0.001

a, b, c

Arm BMD (g/cm2)

0.652 ± 0.067

0.633 ± 0.065

0.614 ± 0.064

< 0.001

a, b, c

0.659 ± 0.062

0.624 ± 0.066

0.581 ± 0.079

< 0.001

a, b, c

Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2)

0.992 ± 0.171

0.942 ± 0.158

0.901 ± 0.169

< 0.001

a, b, c

1.005 ± 0.165

0.928 ± 0.161

0.810 ± 0.149

< 0.001

a, b, c

Leg BMD (g/cm2)

1.060 ± 0.110

1.018 ± 0.102

0.972 ± 0.094

< 0.001

a, b, c

1.070 ± 0.100

1.005 ±0.105

0.916 ± 0.112

< 0.001

a, b, c

FPG (mg/dl)

90.1 ± 10.0

87.9 ± 9.4

87.7 ± 11.4

< 0.01

a, b

90.3 ± 10.1

88.0 ± 9.8

82.9 ± 6.6

< 0.001

a, b, c

HbA1c (%)

5.40 ± 0.43

5.35 ± 0.40

5.33 ± 0.40

< 0.05

N.S.

5.37 ± 0.43

5.38 ± 0.40

5.37 ± 0.36

N.S.

 

TG (mg/dl)

85.5 ± 47.2

81.5 ± 40.8

77.7 ± 35.9

N.S.

 

88.9 ± 49.9

77.4 ± 35.7

68.4 ± 24.2

< 0.001

a, b

HDL-C (mg/dl)

68.3 ± 15.5

70.7 ± 15.7

69.0 ± 15.6

N.S.

 

66.7 ± 15.1

71.8 ± 15.8

78.4 ± 13.6

< 0.001

a, b, c

SBP (mmHg)

120 ± 17

116 ± 17

119 ± 20

< 0.001

a, c

120 ± 17

117 ± 17

124 ± 26

< 0.001

a,c

DBP (mmHg)

71 ± 11

68 ± 10

70 ± 11

< 0.001

a

71 ± 11

68 ± 10

69 ± 13

< 0.001

a

baPWV (cm/s)

1282 ± 237

1296 ± 257

1385 ± 336

< 0.001

b, c

1267 ± 226

1320 ± 272

1503 ± 413

< 0.01

a, b, c

DXA-measured ASM (kg)

16.3 ± 1.8

14.3 ± 1.1

12.7 ± 1.1

< 0.001

a, b, c

16.2 ± 1.8

14.4 ± 1.5

12.3 ± 1.1

< 0.001

a, b, c

Predicted ASM (kg)

15.7 ± 1.7

14.7 ± 1.4

13.9 ± 1.4

< 0.001

a, b, c

16.1 ± 1.5

14.3 ± 1.2

12.1 ± 1.0

< 0.001

a, b, c

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *One-way ANCOVA with adjustment for the covariate of age and post hoc analysis using the least significant t test (mean difference between two groups): a normal vs. class 1, b normal vs. class 2, c class 1 vs. class 2, all P < 0.05. BMI body mass index, LEP leg extension power, BMD bone mineral density, FPG fasting plasma glucose, Hb1c glycohemoglobin A1c, TG triglycerides, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, baPWV brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, ASM appendicular skeletal muscle mass
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Journal of Physiological Anthropology

ISSN: 1880-6805

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