Table 3 Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics of studied variables by sex

Height (cm)

157.11 ± 9.30

164.18 ± 6.81

151.27 ± 6.66

Weight (kg)

57.59 ± 10.44

62.59 ± 9.39

53.46 ± 9.45

BMI

23.28 ± 3.43

23.21 ± 3.17

23.34 ± 3.64

 Overweight (BMI ≥ 25) (%)

29.26 (22.98–36.40)

30.59 (21.30–41.66)

28.16 (19.95–38.01)

WC (cm)

77.27 ± 8.68

79.43 ± 8.42

75.50 ± 8.52

 ≥ 90 cm (male)/≥ 80 cm (female) (%)

23.53 (17.78–30.39)

14.29 (7.92–24.02)

31.07 (22.52–41.05)

Hip (cm)^a

88.86 ± 7.92

90.00 ± 7.23

87.94 ± 8.36

WHR^a

0.87 ± 0.05

0.88 ± 0.06

0.86 ± 0.05

 > 0.9 (male)/> 0.85 (female) (%)

50.82 (43.37–58.24)

40.24 (29.74–51.67)

59.41 (49.16–68.93)

SpO₂ (%)

90.60 ± 3.21

90.47 ± 3.48

90.71 ± 2.97

 Hypoxemia (SpO₂ < 90%) (%)

27.13 (21.04–34.17)

28.24 (19.26–39.20)

26.21 (18.27–35.97)

Heart rate (bpm)

81.57 ± 12.13

81.35 ± 13.74

81.76 ± 10.68

SBP (mmHg)

122.67 ± 18.22

128.36 ± 16.77

117.97 ± 18.11

 ≥ 140 mmHg (%)

17.02 (12.09–23.33)

23.53 (15.29–34.20)

11.65 (6.43–19.84)

DBP (mmHg)

77.07 ± 11.61

79.67 ± 10.72

74.92 ± 11.92

 ≥ 90 mmHg (%)

13.30 (8.95–19.19)

16.47 (9.62–26.43)

10.68 (5.72–18.69)

HT^b

20.74 (15.33–27.39)

27.06 (18.26–37.96)

15.53 (9.41–24.30)

Hb (g/dL)^c

13.82 ± 1.74

14.48 ± 1.42

13.33 ± 1.80

 < 13 (male)/< 12 (female) (%)

17.42 (12.31–23.97)

14.47 (7.79–24.85)

19.61 (12.66–28.89)

 13 to < 18 (male)/12 to < 16 (female) (%)

76.40 (69.35–82.29)

85.53 (75.15–92.91)

69.61 (59.59–78.12)

 ≥ 18 (male)/≥ 16 (female) (%)

6.18 (3.28–11.07)

0

10.78 (5.77–18.87)

HbA1c (NGSP; %)^d

5.96 ± 0.99

5.90 ± 1.00

6.01 ± 0.98

 6.0 to < 6.5% (%)

31.61 (24.90–39.15)

27.27 (18.04–38.81)

35.05 (25.83–45.48)

 ≥ 6.5% (%)

4.60 (2.15–9.17)

5.19 (1.68–13.47)

4.12 (1.33–10.82)