Fig. 2

Rock-paper-scissors movements performed using the toes (a clenching the toes, b raising the big toe, c keeping toes apart, so that they do not touch each other). The participants practiced making rock, paper, and scissors shapes with their toes. They were instructed to perform three sets of 10 repetitions of this technique. d Rolling, grasping, and releasing a golf ball. The image shows a gold ball being gripped between the toes. The participants were instructed to place a golf ball on the floor beside the heel, then put their weight on it, slide their foot on it, and then to roll it with their sole to stimulate the muscles of the toes and sole. They were also instructed to grip and release the golf ball repeatedly using their toes. They performed the training for a total of 5 min. Towel-gathering exercise: the participants were instructed to gather a towel with their toes without lifting the toes from the floor. This training was performed three sets using 1-m towel in the sitting position. e The feet are placed on the towel. The toes are used to gather the towel towards the participant. f A 500-mL PET bottle filled with water was placed on the end of the towel as a load