Fig. 3

Measurement of toe grip strength: a A toe grip dynamometer (T.K.K. 3361; Takei Scientific Instruments, Niigata, Japan) used to measure toe grip strength. b The grip bar of the instrument was adjusted to the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the participant. c The participants sat on the edge of their seat keeping their trunk in a vertical position, with both hands holding the chair and the hip and knee joints bent to approximately 90°