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Table 3 A comparison of baseline values between the training group and the control group

From: The effects of toe grip training on physical performance and cognitive function of nursing home residents

 

All

Training group

Control group

p value

MMSE (point)

22.7 ± 5.3

23.3 ± 5.9

21.2 ± 3.4

0.053

Fall Risk Index (point)

8.6 ± 3.1

8.1 ± 2.1

9.7 ± 4.5

0.519

Toe grip strength (kg)a

4.5 ± 2.2

4.6 ± 2.5

4.1 ± 1.5

0.845

TS (left foot) (point)

1.3 ± 0.8

1.3 ± 0.9

1.5 ± 0.5

0.645

TS (right foot) (point)

1.3 ± 0.7

1.2 ± 0.7

1.5 ± 0.5

0.377

One-leg standing with eyes open (s)a

9.0 ± 11.6

10.0 ± 11.4

6.8 ± 12.2

0.160

SS-10 (s)

17.9 ± 6.4

16.7 ± 6.5

20.5 ± 5.7

0.102

TUG (s)

10.9 ± 5.7

9.7 ± 3.9

13.6 ± 8.0

0.079

5-m gait speed (s)

5.2 ± 2.3

4.9 ± 1.8

6.0 ± 3.2

0.444

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD
  2. The statistical analysis used in the Mann-Whitney U test
  3. MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, TS toe grip strength test, SS-10 10 times sit-to-stand test, TUG timed up and go
  4. aThe value is an average of scores from both legs