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Table 4 Associations between nutritional intake and MetS

From: The associations of eating behavior and dietary intake with metabolic syndrome in Japanese: Saku cohort baseline study

Men

 

Crude

 

Energy adjusted

MetS

w/o MetS

MetS

w/o MetS

(n = 535)

(n = 2067)

(n = 535)

(n = 2067)

Energy

(kcal)

2350 ± 694

2387 ± 680

   

Protein

(g)

87.3 ± 32.1

90.3 ± 34.0

(g/1000 kcal)

37.7 ± 7.4

37.6 ± 7.3†

 Animal protein

(g)

51.3 ± 24.6

52.7 ± 26.5

(g/1000 kcal)

21.6 ± 7.4

21.8 ± 7.5

 Plant protein

(g)

36.0 ± 11.2

37.5 ± 11.5*

(g/1000 kcal)

15.5 ± 2.7

15.8 ± 2.5*†

Fat

(g)

61.4 ± 23.5

64.4 ± 24.4*

(g/1000 kcal)

26.0 ± 6.3

26.8 ± 5.9*†

 Animal fat

(g)

28.4 ± 12.9

30.0 ± 14.0*

(g/1000 kcal)

11.9 ± 3.9

12.4 ± 4.0*†

 Plant fat

(g)

33.0 ± 13.6

34.4 ± 13.7*

(g/1000 kcal)

14.1 ± 4.3

14.4 ± 4.0

 Saturated fatty acid

(g)

15.1 ± 6.2

16.1 ± 6.5*

(g/1000 kcal)

6.4 ± 1.7

6.7 ± 1.8*†

 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid

(g)

3.7 ± 1.7

3.7 ± 1.7

(g/1000 kcal)

1.6 ± 0.5

1.5 ± 0.5

 n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid

(g)

12.5 ± 4.8

13.1 ± 5.0*

(g/1000 kcal)

5.4 ± 1.5

5.5 ± 1.4*†

Carbohydrate

(g)

302 ± 98

316 ± 96*

(g/1000 kcal)

129 ± 22

133 ± 19*†

 Soluble dietary fiber

(g)

3.8 ± 1.7

4.0 ± 1.8*

(g/1000 kcal)

1.6 ± 0.6

1.7 ± 0.6†

 Insoluble dietary fiber

(g)

11.1 ± 4.4

11.6 ± 4.5*

(g/1000 kcal)

4.8 ± 1.5

4.9 ± 1.4†

 Total dietary fiber

(g)

15.5 ± 6.3

16.2 ± 6.6*

(g/1000 kcal)

6.7 ± 2.2

6.8 ± 2.1†

Sodium

(mg)

5525 ± 1701

5514 ± 1687

(mg/1000 kcal)

2395 ± 505

2349 ± 490

 Salt equivalent

(g)

13.9 ± 4.3

13.9 ± 4.3

(g/1000 kcal)

6.0 ± 1.3

5.9 ± 1.2

Potassium

(mg)

3274 ± 1244

3407 ± 1297*

(mg/1000 kcal)

1398 ± 376

1430 ± 371†

Calcium

(mg)

683 ± 292

706 ± 299

(mg/1000 kcal)

291 ± 94

297 ± 95†

Magnesium

(mg)

330 ± 114

339 ± 118

(mg/1000 kcal)

141 ± 29

142 ± 29†

Vitamin D

(μg)

21.9 ± 15.3

21.6 ± 15.1

(μg/1000 kcal)

9.1 ± 5.0

8.8 ± 5.0

Vitamin B1

(mg)

0.93 ± 0.33

0.97 ± 0.37*

(mg/1000 kcal)

0.39 ± 0.09

0.41 ± 0.09*†

Vitamin B2

(mg)

1.64 ± 0.57

1.69 ± 0.62

(mg/1000 kcal)

0.70 ± 0.17

0.71 ± 0.18†

Women

 

Crude

 

Energy adjusted

MetS

(n = 113)

w/o MetS

(n = 1731)

MetS

(n = 113)

w/o MetS

(n = 1731)

Energy

(kcal)

1880 ± 519

1937 ± 514

   

Protein

(g)

78.8 ± 27.5

80.6 ± 28.0

(g/1000 kcal)

41.9 ± 8.1

41.3 ± 7.5

 Animal protein

(g)

47.3 ± 21.8

48.0 ± 22.0

(g/1000 kcal)

25.0 ± 8.3

24.4 ± 7.8

 Plant protein

(g)

31.5 ± 8.8

32.6 ± 9.2

(g/1000 kcal)

16.9 ± 2.4

16.9 ± 2.4

Fat

(g)

56.1 ± 21.1

59.1 ± 20.7

(g/1000 kcal)

29.4 ± 5.8

30.2 ± 5.5

 Animal fat

(g)

26.4 ± 11.5

27.2 ± 11.4

(g/1000 kcal)

13.9 ± 4.0

13.9 ± 3.9

 Plant fat

(g)

29.7 ± 12.2

31.9 ± 12.6

(g/1000 kcal)

15.6 ± 4.3

16.3 ± 4.4

 Saturated fatty acid

(g)

14.4 ± 5.7

15.1 ± 5.6

(g/1000 kcal)

7.6 ± 1.7

7.7 ± 1.7

 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid

(g)

3.3 ± 1.5

3.4 ± 1.5

(g/1000 kcal)

1.7 ± 0.5

1.7 ± 0.5

 n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid

(g)

11.1 ± 4.3

11.6 ± 4.4

(g/1000 kcal)

5.8 ± 1.5

6.0 ± 1.5

Carbohydrate

(g)

254 ± 69

260 ± 70

(g/1000 kcal)

136 ± 19

135 ± 17

 Soluble dietary fiber

(g)

3.8 ± 1.4

4.1 ± 1.6

(g/1000 kcal)

2.1 ± 0.6

2.1 ± 0.6†

 Insoluble dietary fiber

(g)

11.2 ± 4.0

11.5 ± 4.3

(g/1000 kcal)

6.0 ± 1.5

6.0 ± 1.6

 Total dietary fiber

(g)

15.7 ± 5.7

16.2 ± 6.1

(g/1000 kcal)

8.4 ± 2.2

8.3 ± 2.3

Sodium

(mg)

4817 ± 1355

4788 ± 1444

(mg/1000 kcal)

2618 ± 534

2497 ± 497*

 Salt equivalent

(g)

12.2 ± 3.4

12.1 ± 3.6

(g/1000 kcal)

6.6 ± 1.4

6.3 ± 1.3*

Potassium

(mg)

3161 ± 1105

3327 ± 1189

(mg/1000 kcal)

1694 ± 406

1714 ± 410†

Calcium

(mg)

664 ± 261

688 ± 276

(mg/1000 kcal)

355 ± 105

354 ± 102

Magnesium

(mg)

300 ± 99

311 ± 104

(mg/1000 kcal)

161 ± 33

160 ± 32†

Vitamin D

(μg)

20.8 ± 13.6

21.0 ± 14.0

(μg/1000 kcal)

10.9 ± 5.7

10.6 ± 5.8

Vitamin B1

(mg)

0.90 ± 0.31

0.93 ± 0.31

(mg/1000 kcal)

0.48 ± 0.09

0.48 ± 0.09

Vitamin B2

(mg)

1.52 ± 0.50

1.56 ± 0.51

(mg/1000 kcal)

0.82 ± 0.19

0.80 ± 0.17

  1. Values are crude and energy-adjusted means ± SD. MetS metabolic syndrome, w/o without
  2. *Significant difference in crude or energy-adjusted nutrient intake (/1000 kcal) between in the subject with MetS and without MetS (p < 0.05)
  3. †Significant difference in energy-adjusted nutrient intake (/1000 kcal) between in the subject with MetS and without MetS adjusted by age (p < 0.05)