Fig. 4

Comparative characteristics of the typological structure of blood circulation in animals with pronograde positional statics and four-legged locomotion (rats, rabbits, dogs etc.) and in primates (monkeys and humans). The prevalence of I, II, and III types of hemodynamic reaction by the ratio of minute blood volume (CO, in %) in standing/lying transition is illustrated. The arrows show the direction and magnitude of changes in CO (in %) in the vertical body position in relation to the value of CO in the horizontal body position in restrained animals and in humans when lying down, taken as 100% (the scale of change is 30%). The profiles of specific types of hemodynamic reaction are presented at levels that correspond to the value of the systolic index (SI = CO / body weight, [ml/min/kg]) in the horizontal body position/lying down position [11]