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Table 1 Changes in forehead temperature (Tface) with facial cooling (FC)

From: Intermittent face cooling reduces perceived exertion during exercise in a hot environment

Variables

CONT

FC4

FC2

FC2-20

Tface at BL, °C

35.9 ± 0.4

35.9 ± 0.5

36.1 ± 0.2

35.9 ± 0.2

Tface before FC, °C

36.8 ± 0.4

36.6 ± 0.4

36.2 ± 0.4#

36.3 ± 0.3

Tface after FC, °C

36.7 ± 0.4

34.2 ± 1.1#

33.9 ± 0.6#

35.0 ± 0.5#*

Tface decrease with FC, °C

0.0 ± 0.0

2.3 ± 1.0#

2.2 ± 0.5#

1.3 ± 0.4#*

  1. Values are means ± SD; Tface at BL, forehead temperature during base line; Tface before FC; average forehead temperature immediately before all facial cooling during each trial; Tface after FC, average forehead temperature 20 s after the beginning of facial cooling; Tface decrease with FC, difference between forehead temperature before and after facial cooling; CONT, control exercise trail; FC4, facial cooling with 0 °C packs at 4-min intervals; FC2, facial cooling with 0 °C packs at 2-min intervals; FC2-20, facial cooling with 20 °C packs at 2-min intervals. #P < 0.05, significant difference compared to the CONT trial. *P < 0.05, significant difference compared to the FC2 trial