Table 1 Physical characteristics and physical function of the subjects

Age (years)

68.2 ± 4.8

67.3 ± 4.8

69.6 ± 4.5

0.005*

-

Height (cm)

155.0 ± 5.6

154.5 ± 5.6

155.7 ± 5.5

0.216

0.398

Weight (kg)

53.3 ± 7.7

52.0 ± 6.9

55.2 ± 8.4

0.018*

-

BMI (kg/m²)

22.2 ± 2.8

21.8 ± 2.7

22.7 ± 2.9

0.055

0.398

AMM (kg)

16.0 ± 1.6

15.8 ± 1.5

16.3 ± 1.8

0.108

0.394

SMI (kg/m²)

6.65 ± 0.59

6.62 ± 0.55

6.71 ± 0.65

0.414

0.127

Handgrip strength (kg)

24.3 ± 3.3

24.4 ± 3.5

24.0 ± 3.1

0.540

0.163

Walking speed (m/s)

1.52 ± 0.18

1.54 ± 0.16

1.49 ± 0.20

0.076

0.135

2-step test value (cm/cm)

1.36 ± 0.15

1.39 ± 0.14

1.31 ± 0.15

0.002*

0.061

GLFS-5 (score)

1.55 ± 2.25

1.07 ± 1.49

2.26 ± 2.94

0.009*

0.046*

TMIG-IC (score)

12.7 ± 0.7

12.7 ± 0.8

12.6 ± 0.7

0.968

0.664