Fig. 1

Experimental environment, settings, and procedure. a Experimental environment. b Location of the measuring sensors and PMV meter. A thermography camera was located in front of the participants. c Airflow settings for the two surveyed conditions: direct and indirect. d Experimental procedure. The left side indicates the task sequence in an experiment, and the right side indicates the sequence of physiological measurements corresponding to the left tasks. The task and measurement sequences were performed at the same time. The order of airflow settings was pseudo-randomized across participants. We obtained permission from the participants for printing the images of their faces. This figure was modified from Tamura et al. [23] licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)