Table 3 Age-adjusted characteristics of the study population limited to subjects with HbA1c (≤Q3)

No. at risk

190

205

258

103

102

127

87

103

131

Age, year

70.3 ± 6.3

70.5 ± 7.6

70.3 ± 6.7

71.5 ± 6.7

71.5 ± 8.1

70.2 ± 7.2

68.9 ± 5.6

69.5 ± 6.9

70.4 ± 6.1

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

144

147

143

0.187

140

142

140

0.721

149

152

147

0.223

Antihypertensive medication use, %

35.9

30.1

38.9

0.132

27.4

24.8

30.3

0.642

46.1

35.2

47.0

0.144

Body mass index, kg/m²

22.8

23.5

23.1

0.062

20.8

20.9

20.8

0.674

25.1

26.0

25.4

0.008

Current drinker, %

53.1

52.3

51.5

0.942

60.6

50.4

47.4

0.121

43.7

54.1

55.9

0.179

Current smoker, %

20.5

17.6

24.0

0.242

23.8

21.0

29.2

0.334

16.8

14.5

18.7

0.692

Serum triglycerides, mg/dL

97

119

105

0.003

91

101

92

0.284

105

137

117

0.010

Serum HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

56

54

56

0.319

60

56

58

0.157

51

52

54

0.321

Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), IU/L

25

25

24

0.263

26

25

23

0.127

24

26

24

0.322

Glucose-lowering medication use, %

2.1

2.0

1.2

0.699

3.9

3.0

0.8

0.279

0.0

1.0

1.6

0.481

Lipid-lowering medication use, %

3.2

5.9

5.4

0.410

2.9

5.9

4.7

0.589

3.4

5.8

6.1

0.659

History of cardiovascular disease, %

9.5

8.2

12.4

0.302

7.6

4.7

8.9

0.471

12.2

11.8

15.4

0.675

Taking medication for cardiovascular disease, %

7.4

7.3

11.3

0.218

5.6

3.7

8.2

0.354

9.8

10.8

14.0

0.585

Serum creatinine, mg/dL

0.98

0.92

0.92

0.055

1.00

0.93

0.92

0.193

0.96

0.91

0.93

0.334

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), mL/min/1.73 m²

63.7

67.3

67.5

0.036

62.7

68.4

69.0

0.020

64.8

66.4

66.0

0.792