Table 2 The variables showed no normal distribution in Japanese schoolchildren in 1999 and 2009 (n = 233)
From: Decline in objective physical activity over a 10-year period in a Japanese elementary school
1999 | 2009 | Mann-Whitney Test | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | ||||||||||||||||
Mean | (SD) | Median | (5th and 95th percentiles) | Mean | (SD) | Median | (5th and 95th percentiles) | Mean | (SD) | Median | (5th and 95th percentiles) | Mean | (SD) | Median | (5th and 95th percentiles) | Year | Sex | ||
n = 62 | n = 63 | n = 56 | n = 52 | ||||||||||||||||
Physical characteristics | |||||||||||||||||||
Weight | kg | 37.1 | (6.3) | 35.9 | (29.1–51.5) | 38.5 | (6.7) | 38.2 | (28.8–53.0) | 39.6 | (8.3) | 39.5 | (27.5–57.4) | 41.7 | (7.4) | 40.9 | (31.4–57.3) | 0.003 | 0.042 |
BMI | kg · m−2 | 17.4 | (2.3) | 16.7 | (14.7–22.0) | 17.7 | (2.3) | 17.4 | (14.2–22.4) | 18.0 | (2.6) | 17.8 | (14.0–23.9) | 18.5 | (2.5) | 18.3 | (15.2–23.8) | 0.024 | 0.125 |
Accelerometer output | |||||||||||||||||||
Step count | step | 20,832 | (4694) | 20,748 | (14,277–30,806) | 16,087 | (4840) | 15,720 | (8336–25,330) | 12,237 | (2934) | 12,014 | (7492–18,324) | 10,748 | (2668) | 11,226 | (6278–14,824) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
TEE | kcal | 2512 | (381) | 2434 | (1977–3258) | 2318 | (398) | 2268 | (1652–3065) | 2303 | (383) | 2337 | (1677–3036) | 2245 | (285) | 2234 | (1765–2790) | 0.011 | 0.012 |
AEE | kcal | 805 | (247) | 744 | (463–1309) | 626 | (213) | 592 | (332–1056) | 408 | (118) | 408 | (214–648) | 367 | (100) | 391 | (202–537) | <0.001 | 0.002 |
Time spent performing specific activities | |||||||||||||||||||
Playing outdoor | min | 46 | (36) | 42 | (0–114) | 31 | (29) | 25 | (0–81) | 31 | (33) | 17 | (0–109) | 13 | (14) | 11 | (0–47) | <0.001 | 0.002 |
Club activity | min | 26 | (43) | 16 | (0–86) | 28 | (36) | 13 | (0–91) | 28 | (22) | 25 | (0–85) | 15 | (17) | 16 | (0–59) | 0.473 | 0.086 |
Video game | min | 29 | (40) | 13 | (0–123) | 8 | (19) | 0 | (0–45) | 29 | (34) | 22 | (0–104) | 24 | (55) | 6 | (0–93) | 0.011 | <0.001 |
Hobby | min | 13 | (19) | 5 | (0–52) | 17 | (18) | 13 | (0–60) | 9 | (16) | 2 | (0–39) | 20 | (24) | 12 | (0–77) | 0.406 | 0.001 |
Studying | min | 62 | (75) | 39 | (3–276) | 66 | (79) | 36 | (0–288) | 46 | (37) | 38 | (0–121) | 46 | (34) | 36 | (7–125) | 0.606 | 0.884 |
Awake time | h:m | 7:02 | (20') | 7:00 | (6:30–7:40) | 7:04 | (27') | 7:09 | (5:59–7:44) | 6:56 | (30') | 7:01 | (5:54–7:42) | 6:58 | (31') | 7:01 | (6:00–7:37) | 0.195 | 0.253 |