Development of prediction equations for estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass in Japanese men and women

Table 3 Comparison of prediction equations for estimating ASM in the present (in the cross-validation group) and previous studies

	ASM (kg)*	Difference from DXA-measured value (P value)	Correlation coefficients between DXA-measured and predicted ASM (R ² value)	Significance of correlations(P value)	SEE (kg)
Men
DXA-measured value	23.4 ± 3.1	–	–	–	–
Present study	23.2 ± 2.9	N.S.	0.81	< 0.001	1.10
Baumgartner RN et al. (1998)^a	21.6 ± 2.0	< 0.001	0.71	< 0.001	1.58
Wen X et al. (2011)^b	22.6 ± 2.3	< 0.001	0.75	< 0.001	1.63
Visvanathan R et al. (2012)^c	23.3 ± 2.1	N.S.	0.68	< 0.001	1.95
Kulkarni B et al. (2013)^d	21.7 ± 2.6	< 0.001	0.74	< 0.001	1.28
Villani AM et al. (2014)^e	20.5 ± 2.2	< 0.001	0.59	< 0.001	1.90
Women
DXA-measured value	15.3 ± 1.9	–	–	–	–
Present study	15.1 ± 1.7	N.S.	0.72	< 0.001	1.02
Baumgartner RN et al. (1998)^a	14.1 ± 1.5	< 0.001	0.69	< 0.001	1.58
Tankó LB et al. (2002)^f	15.1 ± 1.8	N.S.	0.54	< 0.001	1.70
Wen X et al. (2011)^b	14.1 ± 1.9	< 0.001	0.65	< 0.001	1.63
Visvanathan R et al. (2012)^c	14.2 ± 1.6	< 0.001	0.59	< 0.001	1.95
Kulkarni B et al. (2013)^d	13.7 ± 1.7	< 0.001	0.66	< 0.001	1.05
Villani AM et al. (2014)^e	16.4 ± 1.8	< 0.001	0.40	< 0.001	1.90

Mean ± SD. SEE standard error of estimate. Prediction equations of ASM for the present study were based on Table 2 (step 4 in men and step 5 in women). Prediction equations from previous studies using anthropometric measurements were as follows. ^a 0.2487 * weight (kg) + 0.0483 * height (cm) – 0.1584 * hip circumference (cm) + 0.0732 * handgrip strength (kg) + 2.5843 (only men) + 5.8828, ^b 0.193 * weight (kg) + 0.107 * height (cm) – 4.157 * gender (men = 1, women = 2) – 0.037 * age (years) – 2.631, ^c 10.047427 + 0.353307 * weight (kg) – 0.621112 * BMI – 0.022741 * age (years) + 5.096201, ^d 0.2 * weight (kg) + 0.14 * height (cm) –13.432 – 0.0445 * age (years) in men and 0.17 * weight (kg) + 0.102 * height (cm) – 9.852 – 0.028 * age (years) in women, ^e 16.77–0.036 * age (years) + 0.385 * weight (kg) – 0.873 * BMI, ^f 0.11 * weight (kg) –13.3 – 0.05 * age (years) + 16.1 * height (m)

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