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Table 4 Health-related indices for men with sarcopenia as defined by DXA-measured ASM or predicted ASM in the development and cross-validation groups

From: Development of prediction equations for estimating appendicular skeletal muscle mass in Japanese men and women

 

Sarcopenia defined by DXA-measured ASM

P value*

Sarcopenia defined by predicted ASM

P value*

 

Normal

Class 1 sarcopenia

Class 2 sarcopenia

One-way ANCOVA

Post hoc analysis

Normal

Class 1 sarcopenia

Class 2 sarcopenia

One-way ANCOVA

Post hoc analysis

N

230 (61.2%)

118 (31.4%)

28 (7.4%)

–

–

234 (62.2%)

122 (32.5%)

20 (5.3%)

–

–

Age (years)

45 ± 14

51 ± 18

62 ± 22

–

–

45 ± 14

52 ± 18

66 ± 21

–

–

Height (cm)

170.7 ± 6.1

169.0 ± 6.2

168.0 ± 5.7

N.S.

 

170.5 ± 6.1

169.6 ± 6.0

166.1 ± 6.2

N.S.

 

Weight (kg)

71.1 ± 8.1

63.3 ± 6.2

57.1 ± 6.7

< 0.001

a, b, c

71.4 ± 8.0

62.7 ± 5.7

54.5 ± 4.7

< 0.001

a, b, c

BMI (kg/m2)

24.4 ± 2.4

22.2 ± 1.7

20.2 ± 1.9

< 0.001

a, b, c

24.5 ± 2.3

21.8 ± 1.6

19.8 ± 1.4

< 0.001

a, b, c

Waist circumference (cm)

84.7 ± 7.7

81.0 ± 6.8

78.9 ± 7.7

< 0.001

a, b

84.8 ± 7.6

80.8 ± 7.1

78.1 ± 6.3

< 0.001

a, b

% body fat (%)

19.7 ± 4.7

20.3 ± 4.6

20.7 ± 4.4

N.S.

 

20.4 ± 4.7

19.4 ± 4.7

18.7 ± 4.3

< 0.001

a

LEP/weight (W/kg)

24.5 ± 6.2

20.0 ± 5.8

18.1 ± 5.1

< 0.001

a, b

24.2 ± 6.3

20.8 ± 5.9

15.9 ± 4.8

< 0.001

a, b, c

Handgrip strength (kg)

42.6 ± 6.2

37.3 ± 5.6

33.1 ± 5.9

< 0.001

a, b, c

42.7 ±6.2

37.1 ± 5.0

29.5 ± 4.3

< 0.001

a, b, c

Whole-body BMD (g/cm2)

1.173 ± 0.108

1.118 ± 0.106

1.052 ± 0.098

< 0.001

a, b, c

1.176 ± 0.110

1.109 ± 0.095

1.040 ± 0.110

< 0.001

a, b, c

Arm BMD (g/cm2)

0.818 ± 0.065

0.770 ± 0.053

0.735 ± 0.051

< 0.001

a, b, c

0.818 ± 0.065

0.770 ± 0.053

0.725 ± 0.060

< 0.001

a, b, c

Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2)

1.055 ± 0.171

1.042 ± 0.159

0.975 ± 0.186

< 0.05

b

1.061 ± 0.169

1.032 ± 0.164

0.941 ± 0.171

< 0.01

b, c

Leg BMD (g/cm2)

1.282 ± 0.111

1.204 ± 0.107

1.123 ± 0.095

<0.001

a, b, c

1.281 ± 0.111

1.198 ± 0.104

1.119 ± 0.119

< 0.001

a, b, c

FPG (mg/dl)

92.3 ± 10.2

90.0 ± 10.3

90.1 ± 11.6

< 0.001

a

92.3 ± 10.0

89.8 ± 10.2

91.3 ± 13.9

< 0.001

a

HbA1c (%)

5.23 ± 0.45

5.23 ± 0.43

5.52 ± 0.52

N.S.

 

5.23 ± 0.44

5.24 ± 0.46

5.54 ± 0.45

N.S.

 

TG (mg/dl)

105.0 ± 56.2

98.1 ± 55.1

102.7 ± 59.6

N.S.

 

105.6 ± 57.3

95.3 ± 50.8

113.2 ± 68.5

N.S.

 

HDL-C (mg/dl)

56.0 ± 12.7

58.2 ± 12.6

58.3 ± 14.4

N.S.

 

56.2 ± 13.2

57.3 ± 11.7

62.2 ± 14.2

N.S.

 

SBP (mmHg)

122 ± 14

121 ± 15

129 ± 18

< 0.05

b, c

122 ± 14

122 ± 14

129 ± 20

N.S.

 

DBP (mmHg)

75 ± 11

75 ± 11

74 ± 10

< 0.001

N.S.

75 ± 11

75 ± 10

71 ± 10

< 0.001

N.S.

baPWV (cm/s)

1285 ± 214

1378 ± 291

1609 ± 408

< 0.01

a, b, c

1291 ± 222

1378 ± 300

1653 ± 380

< 0.05

a, b, c

DXA-measured ASM (kg)

24.8 ± 2.5

21.2 ± 1.7

18.5 ± 1.6

< 0.001

a, b, c

24.5 ± 2.7

21.5 ± 2.1

18.4 ± 2.1

< 0.001

a, b, c

Predicted ASM (kg)

24.4 ± 2.6

21.6 ± 2.0

19.2 ± 2.1

< 0.001

a, b, c

24.5 ± 2.5

21.4 ± 1.7

18.1 ± 1.6

< 0.001

a, b, c

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *One-way ANCOVA with adjustment for the covariate of age and post hoc analysis using the least significant t test (mean difference between two groups): a normal vs. class 1, b normal vs. class 2, c class 1 vs. class 2, all P < 0.05. BMI body mass index, LEP leg extension power, BMD bone mineral density, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c glycohemoglobin A1c, TG triglycerides, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, baPWV brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, ASM appendicular skeletal muscle mass
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Journal of Physiological Anthropology

ISSN: 1880-6805

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