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Table 5 Comparison of changes between the training group and the control group

From: The effects of toe grip training on physical performance and cognitive function of nursing home residents

 

Δ training group

Δ control group

p value

MMSE (point)

1.6 (0.2–3.0)

− 1.0 (2.6–0.6)

0.020

Fall Risk Index (point)

− 1.4 (−2.2 to − 0.6)

− 0.2 (− 2.6–2.3)

0.075

Toe grip strength

1.9 (1.2–2.6)

− 0.2 (− 1.4–1.0)

0.005

TS (left foot) (point)

0.6 (0.1–1.0)

0.1 (− 0.3–0.5)

0.104

TS (right foot) (point)

0.6 (0.2–1.0)

0.0 (− 0.3–0.3)

0.017

Standing on one leg with eyes open (s)a

− 0.2 (− 5.7–5.3)

− 2.2 (− 11.0–6.5)

0.749

SS-10 (s)

3.2 (1.0–5.3)

6.5 (2.2–10.9)

0.102

TUG (s)

0.8 (− 1.6–3.1)

− 0.1 (− 3.4–3.3)

0.972

5-m gait speed (s)

− 0.2 (− 0.6–0.2)

0.4 (− 0.9–1.8)

0.557

  1. Data are presented as mean (95% CI)
  2. The statistical analysis used in the Mann-Whitney U test
  3. MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, TS toe grip strength test, SS-10 10 times sit-to-stand test, TUG timed up and go
  4. aThe value is an average of scores from both legs