Table 3 Associations between basic characteristics and MetS

MetS (n = 535)

w/o MetS (n = 2067)

MetS (n = 113)

w/o MetS (n = 1731)

Age (years)

61.1 ± 8.9

58.6 ± 10.2*

63.1 ± 8.4

58.1 ± 9.8*

Height (cm)

168.4 ± 5.8

168.0 ± 6.2

154.4 ± 5.4

155.7 ± 5.6*

Weight (kg)

74.2 ± 9.1

65.2 ± 9.0*

66.0 ± 7.7

53.3 ± 7.7*

BMI (kg/m²)

26.1 ± 2.7

23.1 ± 2.6*

27.7 ± 2.9

22.0 ± 2.9*

Waist circumference (cm)

92.6 ± 6.3

83.4 ± 7.3*

96.7 ± 5.7

79.7 ± 8.3*

Visceral fat area (cm²)

142.6 ± 46.0

104.4 ± 39.8*

115.6 ± 37.7

67.8 ± 33.1*

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

127.4 ± 14.9

117.6 ± 14.4*

127.8 ± 16.4

111.4 ± 14.7*

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

80.4 ± 10.9

74.0 ± 10.8*

78.4 ± 11.6

68.9 ± 10.9*

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

49.2 ± 11.6

56.2 ± 13.6*

56.6 ± 12.1

64.9 ± 14.3*

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

118.0 ± 28.6

118.8 ± 28.9

130.2 ± 31.4

122.2 ± 28.8*

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

169.3 ± 97.7

113.5 ± 66.4*

137.3 ± 64.2

89.6 ± 47.2*

γ-glutamyl transferase (IU/L)

64.2 ± 67.1

43.7 ± 46.1*

37.1 ± 32.9

22.4 ± 20.8*

Uric acid (mg/dL)

6.4 ± 1.3

6.1 ± 1.2*

5.4 ± 1.2

4.6 ± 1.0*

Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

14.8 ± 3.8

14.6 ± 3.6

14.1 ± 3.6

13.8 ± 3.3

Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.87 ± 0.17

0.85 ± 0.19*

0.64 ± 0.14

0.63 ± 0.11

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)

116.2 ± 21.8

101.8 ± 14.8*

116.1 ± 24.6

97.9 ± 12.9*

HbA1c (%)

6.1 ± 0.7

5.7 ± 0.5*

6.2 ± 0.7

5.7 ± 0.5*

Fasting insulin (μU/mL)

7.6 ± 4.9

4.4 ± 2.9*

8.7 ± 4.5

4.4 ± 2.5*

HOMA-IR

2.2 ± 1.8

1.1 ± 0.8*

2.6 ± 1.7

1.1 ± 0.7*