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Table 1 Characteristics of participants stratified by sex and birthweight for gestational age categories

From: Infant weight gain and DXA-measured adolescent adiposity: data from the Japan Kids Body-composition Study

 

Boys

Girls

Birthweight for gestational age categories

Birthweight for gestational age categories

SGA (N = 10)

AGA (N = 151)

LGA (N = 44)

p value

SGA (N = 10)

AGA (N = 166)

LGA (N = 42)

p value

Maternal characteristics at pregnancy

 Age, years

26.6 ± 1.4

29.7 ± 0.4

29.3 ± 0.7

0.11

28.1 ± 1.6

28.5 ± 0.4

30.6 ± 0.8

0.05

 Gestational age, weeks

39.9 ± 0.3

39.0 ± 0.1

38.9 ± 0.2

0.02

38.5 ± 0.3

39.0 ± 0.1

39.1 ± 0.2

0.26

Characteristics of the child at birth

 Length z-score

− 0.84 ± 0.24

0.06 ± 0.06

0.79 ± 0.12

< 0.01

− 1.5 ± 0.2

0.1 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.1

< 0.01

 Weight z-score

− 1.36 ± 0.20

− 0.02 ± 0.05

1.57 ± 0.09

< 0.01

− 1.9 ± 0.2

− 0.2 ± 0.0

1.2 ± 0.1

< 0.01

Characteristics of the child at age 1.5 years

 Height z-score

− 0.23 ± 0.28

0.36 ± 0.07

0.87 ± 0.13

< 0.01

− 0.1 ± 0.3

0.1 ± 0.1

0.7 ± 0.2

< 0.01

 Weight z-score

− 0.37 ± 0.28

0.25 ± 0.07

1.09 ± 0.13

< 0.01

− 0.2 ± 0.3

0.2 ± 0.1

1.1 ± 0.1

< 0.01

Change in weight z-score from 0 to 1.5 years

0.99 ± 0.31

0.27 ± 0.08

− 0.48 ± 0.15

< 0.01

1.7 ± 0.3

0.4 ± 0.1

0.0 ± 0.2

< 0.01

Characteristics of the child at adolescence

 Height z-score

0.06 ± 0.28

0.29 ± 0.07

0.50 ± 0.13

0.22

− 0.7 ± 0.3

− 0.1 ± 0.1

0.4 ± 0.1

< 0.01

 Weight z-score

− 0.32 ± 0.31

0.20 ± 0.08

0.35 ± 0.15

0.14

0.2 ± 0.3

− 0.1 ± 0.1

0.4 ± 0.1

< 0.01

 BMI, kg/m2

17.7 ± 0.9

19.2 ± 0.2

19.5 ± 0.4

0.22

21.5 ± 0.8

19.4 ± 0.2

20.4 ± 0.4

0.01

 WC, cm

64.9 ± 2.5

68.8 ± 0.6

69.5 ± 1.2

0.26

70.4 ± 2.0

67.9 ± 0.5

70.6 ± 1.0

0.03

 Fat mass index, kg/m2

2.2 ± 0.5

3.0 ± 0.1

2.9 ± 0.2

0.25

5.7 ± 0.5

4.5 ± 0.1

5.1 ± 0.2

0.01

 Body fat percentage, %

12.4 ± 1.6

15.1 ± 0.4

14.4 ± 0.8

0.23

25.2 ± 1.5

22.8 ± 0.4

24.2 ± 0.7

0.10

 Lean mass index, kg/m2

15.1 ± 0.5

15.8 ± 0.1

16.2 ± 0.2

0.10

15 ± 0.4

14.5 ± 0.1

14.9 ± 0

0.04

 Overweight, N (%)

0 (0.0)

22 (14.6)

5 (11.4)

0.59

2 (20.0)

12 (7.2)

6 (14.3)

0.12

 Sedentary behavior, N (%)

  < 2 h

7 (70.0)

100 (66.2)

21 (47.7)

0.10

3 (30.0)

93 (56.0)

23 (54.8)

0.33

  2–3 h

1 (10.0)

28 (18.6)

16 (36.4)

 

3 (30.0)

47 (28.3)

13 (31.0)

 

  ≥ 3 h

2 (20.0)

23 (15.2)

7 (15.9)

 

4 (40.0)

26 (15.7)

6 (14.2)

 

 Pubic hair appearance, N (%)

  Age < 12 years

3 (30.0)

42 (27.8)

11 (25.0)

0.92

9 (90.0)

108 (65.1)

28 (66.7)

0.31

  Age ≥ 12 years

7 (70.0)

109 (72.2)

33 (75.0)

 

1 (10.0)

58 (34.9)

14 (33.3)

 

RWG from 0 to 1.5 years, N (%)

7 (70.0)

51 (33.8)

10 (22.7)

0.02

9 (90.0)

65 (39.2)

10 (23.8)

< 0.01

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number (proportion in %)
  2. N number, SGA small for gestational age, AGA appropriate for gestational age, LGA large for gestational age, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, RWG rapid weight gain
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Journal of Physiological Anthropology

ISSN: 1880-6805

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