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Table 3 Comparison of parameters of upper body posture and “BMI,” coding of effect size of eta2: 1 = 0.01 small effect, 2 = 0.06 medium effect, 3 = 0.14 large effect. Significant p values in bold, shaded gray, and marked with an asterisk

From: Standard reference values of the upper body posture in healthy male adults aged between 31 and 40 years in Germany-an observational study

BMI

(kg/m2)

Parameter

 

1. Group normal

n = 12

2. Group pre-adipose

n = 72

3. Group obese

n = 17

p value

eta2

Med.

Min./Max.

Med.

Min./Max.

Med.

Min./Max.

Spine parameter

 Trunk length D (mm)

0.01*

0.10 2

457.85

421.22/510.19

482.71

416.43/555.56

467.66

405.02/539.99

 Trunk length S (mm)

0.07

0.05 1

503.63

470.40/554.39

529.55

479.19/597.88

519.96

467.23/606.26

 Sagittal trunk decline (°)

0.01*

0.10 2

− 1.29

− 4.96/6.40

− 2.84

− 8.70 /3.75

− 5.55

− 7.67/1.78

 Frontal trunk decline (°)

0.26

0.03 1

− 0.81

− 4.22/2.73

− 0.25

− 2.80/2.65

− 0.49

− 3.82/1.22

 Axis decline (°)

0.44

0.02 1

− 2.04

− 4.42/2.63

− 0.97

− 5.42/4.10

− 0.84

− 4.07/2.22

 Thoracic bending angle (°)

0.56

0.01 1

16.16

6.18/20.22

15.49

5.84/27.92

17.15

9.14/21.32

 Lumar bending angle (°)

0.71

0.01 1

11.71

6.31/18.40

11.14

5.48/19.21

10.77

7.86/14.47

 Standard deviation Lateral deviation (°)

0.60

0.01 1

4.77

2.12/11.89

4.71

1.21/10.66

4.55

1.44/11.60

 Standard deviation Rotation (°)

0.07

0.05 1

3.69

1.09/8.47

3.79

1.40/15.94

2.22

0.73/8.49

 Kyphosis angle (°)

0.28

0.03 1

52.86

35.97/71.59

51.14

32.30/78.58

55.56

37.52/66.87

 Lordosis angle (°)

0.31

0.02 1

27.96

18.07/39.52

32.08

19.29/56.34

31.76

19.06/47.54

Pelvis parameter

 Pelvic distance (mm)

0.01*

0.11 2

127.25

102.83/156.56

124.97

82.48/169.19

137.84

113.16/174.12

 Pelvic height (°)

0.79

0.01 1

− 0.45

− 3.86/1.63

− 0.65

− 4.90/4.21

− 0.40

− 2.72/2.51

 Pelvic height (mm)

0.79

0.01 1

− 0.96

− 9.19/4.44

− 1.55

− 9.46/10.51

− 0.84

− 6.70/5.72

 Pelvic torsion (°)

0.99

0.001 1

2.47

− 10.53/5.93

1.69

− 15.99/20.61

1.60

− 15.90/16.70

 Pelvic rotation (°)

0.14

0.04 1

− 0.55

− 7.03/6.16

0.91

− 8.52/14.02

− 0.19

− 6.55/2.56

Shoulder parameter

 Scapular distance (mm)

0.01*

0.10 2

174.93

128.67/205.27

184.57

118.17/233.93

205.72

158.31/248.18

 Scapular height (°)

0.69

0.01 1

− 6.03

− 15.27/10.36

− 4.05

− 19.79/12.02

− 5.05

− 11.32/14.39

 Scapular rotation (°)

0.20

0.03 1

0.40

− 3.37/6.71

1.07

− 5.43/8.16

− 0.13

− 6.41/6.60

 Left scapular angle (°)

0.02*

0.08 2

29.94

26.12/35.94

26.31

16.92/51.09

25.83

11.18/71.23

 Right scapular angle (°)

0.01*

0.09 2

31.70

26.09/57.99

28.08

15.64/50.10

25.04

12.85/34.33

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Journal of Physiological Anthropology

ISSN: 1880-6805

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