Table 1 Physical characteristics, habitual daily activities, variables of segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy, and neuromuscular properties
Young (n = 29) | Older (n = 30) | Main effect of age | Effect size (η2) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Min | Max | 95% CI | Mean | SD | Min | Max | 95% CI | P | Age | Sex | |
Physical characteristics | |||||||||||||
Age (years) | 23 | 3 | 21 | 33 | 22–24 | 72 | 5 | 64 | 83 | 70–74 | |||
Height (cm) | 165.3 | 8.4 | 152.6 | 181.2 | 162.1–168.5 | 159.8 | 9.0 | 141.3 | 176.4 | 156.3–163.2 | < 0.001 | 0.086 | 0.571 |
Weight (kg) | 59.8 | 11.9 | 40.3 | 86.3 | 55.3–64.3 | 60.1 | 11.9 | 38.2 | 87.2 | 55.1–64.1 | 0.808 | 0.001 | 0.449 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.7 | 2.8 | 16.3 | 29.1 | 20.6–22.8 | 23.4 | 3.6 | 17.9 | 32.7 | 21.9–24.6 | 0.034 | 0.069 | 0.112 |
Leg length (cm) | 37.3 | 2.7 | 32.5 | 41.5 | 36.3–38.3 | 36.0 | 2.5 | 32.5 | 40.5 | 35.0–36.9 | 0.018 | 0.056 | 0.414 |
Habitual daily activities | |||||||||||||
Light (min/day) | 621 | 115 | 465 | 857 | 577–665 | 715 | 121 | 460 | 947 | 670–760 | 0.003 | 0.137 | 0.066 |
Moderate (min/day) | 67 | 23 | 31 | 145 | 59–76 | 56 | 19 | 17 | 99 | 49–63 | 0.036 | 0.071 | 0.076 |
Vigorous (min/day) | 3 | 4 | 0 | 17 | 1–4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 0–1 | 0.003 | 0.146 | 0.007 |
S-BIS variables | |||||||||||||
ICW (mL) | 894.7 | 265.4 | 411.7 | 1323.6 | 793.7–995.6 | 773.5 | 193.9 | 461.1 | 1262.9 | 701.0–845.9 | 0.007 | 0.060 | 0.509 |
ICW/TW | 0.710 | 0.033 | 0.633 | 0.762 | 0.697–0.723 | 0.661 | 0.039 | 0.567 | 0.736 | 0.647–0.676 | < 0.001 | 0.309 | 0.151 |
Explosive muscle strength | |||||||||||||
RTD0–50 (Nm/s) | 145.0 | 74.1 | 30.3 | 288.8 | 116.8–173.2 | 87.7 | 51.6 | 27.0 | 198.0 | 68.4–107.0 | 0.001 | 0.170 | 0.055 |
RTD50–100 (Nm/s) | 431.7 | 225.9 | 113.1 | 882.4 | 345.8–517.6 | 271.3 | 156.6 | 65.2 | 584.5 | 212.9–329.8 | 0.001 | 0.146 | 0.139 |
RTD100–200 (Nm/s) | 382.4 | 143.9 | 84.0 | 681.0 | 327.7–437.2 | 287.0 | 125.7 | 100.4 | 511.7 | 240.1–334.0 | 0.003 | 0.109 | 0.233 |
nRTD0–50 (%/s) | 115.6 | 50.3 | 18.3 | 201.5 | 96.4–134.7 | 81.1 | 40.1 | 22.1 | 169.0 | 66.1–96.0 | 0.006 | 0.129 | 0.000 |
nRTD50–100 (%/s) | 334.9 | 135.9 | 105.3 | 554.4 | 283.3–386.8 | 247.3 | 114.3 | 53.2 | 498.8 | 204.6–290.0 | 0.009 | 0.110 | 0.035 |
nRTD100–200 (%/s) | 297.5 | 70.9 | 110.0 | 430.2 | 270.5–324.5 | 263.6 | 88.2 | 106.8 | 408.3 | 230.6–296.4 | 0.109 | 0.043 | 0.054 |
Maximal muscle strength | |||||||||||||
PTMVC (Nm) | 111.8 | 37.7 | 38.2 | 184.8 | 97.4–126.1 | 88.1 | 25.0 | 40.0 | 140.7 | 78.8–97.4 | 0.001 | 0.118 | 0.311 |
Twitch contractile properties | |||||||||||||
PTtwitch (Nm) | 21.4 | 5.6 | 10.2 | 34.4 | 19.3–23.5 | 17.1 | 4.1 | 11.0 | 27.0 | 15.6–18.7 | < 0.001 | 0.159 | 0.190 |
RTDtwitch (Nm/s) | 176.6 | 50.1 | 71.5 | 298.9 | 157.5–195.7 | 125.4 | 31.1 | 77.4 | 200.0 | 113.8–137.0 | < 0.001 | 0.274 | 0.187 |
TPTtwitch (s) | 0.122 | 0.012 | 0.098 | 0.164 | 0.118–0.127 | 0.136 | 0.010 | 0.110 | 0.159 | 0.133–0.140 | < 0.001 | 0.293 | 0.045 |
Neuromuscular activity | |||||||||||||
VA (%) | 87.2 | 14.4 | 50.0 | 100.0 | 81.7–92.6 | 82.9 | 16.1 | 30.9 | 99.5 | 76.9–88.9 | 0.297 | 0.018 | 0.060 |
nRMS-MVC (%Mmax) | 3.59 | 2.01 | 1.30 | 8.95 | 2.83–4.35 | 3.32 | 1.78 | 0.98 | 6.89 | 2.66–3.98 | 0.579 | 0.004 | 0.277 |
nRMS-RTD0-50 (%Mmax) | 1.49 | 0.98 | 0.27 | 3.32 | 1.12–1.87 | 1.44 | 1.00 | 0.14 | 4.76 | 1.05–1.81 | 0.835 | 0.001 | 0.029 |
nRMS-RTD50-100 (%Mmax) | 2.90 | 1.57 | 0.75 | 6.54 | 2.29–3.49 | 2.81 | 1.66 | 0.33 | 6.43 | 2.18–3.42 | 0.859 | 0.001 | 0.115 |
nRMS-RTD100-200 (%Mmax) | 3.05 | 1.62 | 0.79 | 7.68 | 2.44–3.67 | 3.03 | 1.97 | 0.67 | 8.07 | 2.29–3.77 | 0.995 | 0.000 | 0.130 |