Venous dilation effect of hot towel (moist and dry heat) versus hot pack for peripheral intravenous catheterization: a quasi-experimental study

Table 2 The venous diameter of hot towel (moist and dry heat) versus hot pack (n = 88)

Venous diameter (mm)		Time						Main effect				Interaction Condition × Time
		T1^b		T2		T3		Condition		Time		Interaction Condition × Time
		Baseline		After heating		After tourniquet		*F(df)*	P^a	*F(df)*	P^a	*F(df)*	P^a
Hot pack	Mean (SD)	3.15	(0.76)	3.39	(0.77) *	3.75	(0.85) *	25.11 (2,694.0)	< .001	78.97 (2,694.0)	< .001	12.50 (4,694.0)	< .001
Dry hot towel		3.13	(0.81)	3.34	(0.84) *	3.63	(0.84) *	25.11 (2,694.0)		78.97 (2,694.0)		12.50 (4,694.0)
Moist hot towel		3.17	(0.76)	3.23	(0.74)	3.26	(0.86)
Hot pack vs. Dry hot towel	MD [95%CI]	-0.02	[-0.09–0.05]	-0.06	[-0.19–0.07]	-0.12	[-0.25–0.02]
	t, d	-0.77	,0.08	-1.09	,0.12	-1.84	,0.17
	P ^c	.658		.448		.120
Hot pack vs. Moist hot towel	MD [95%CI]	0.02	[-0.05–0.09]	-0.17	[-0.30–0.05]	-0.49	[-0.63–0.35]
	t, d	0.53	,0.06	-3.01	,0.32	-7.89	,0.84
	P ^c	.816		.006		< .001
Dry hot towel vs. Moist hot towel	MD [95%CI]	-0.04	[-0.10–0.02]	0.11	[-0.00–0.23]	0.38	[0.25–0.51]
	t, d	-1.32	,0.04	1.93	,0.14	5.90	,0.46
	P ^c	.188		.056		< .001

CI conference interval, df degree of freedom, MD mean difference, SD standard deviation
^aA mixed-linear model for two-way repeated-measures ANOVA
^bOne-way repeated-measures ANOVA and Dunnett's test (T1 = control; * P < .01)
^cOne-way repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni correction (P < .0167)

ISSN: 1880-6805