Venous dilation effect of hot towel (moist and dry heat) versus hot pack for peripheral intravenous catheterization: a quasi-experimental study

Table 3 The venous depth of hot towel (moist and dry heat) versus hot pack (n = 88)

Venous depth (mm)		Time						Main effect				Interaction Condition × Time
		T1^b		T2		T3		Condition		Time		Interaction Condition × Time
		Baseline		After heating		After tourniquet		*F(df)*	P^a	*F(df)*	P^a	*F(df)*	P^a
Hot pack	Mean (SD)	4.19	(1.58)	4.04	(1.51)	3.84	(1.48) *	1.08 (2,693.0)	.340	35.50 (2,693.0)	< .001	0.49 (4,693.0)	.741
Dry hot towel		4.19	(1.55)	4.15	(1.64)	3.92	(1.52) *	1.08 (2,693.0)		35.50 (2,693.0)		0.49 (4,693.0)
Moist hot towel		4.18	(1.47)	4.04	(1.52)	3.91	(1.44) *
Hot pack vs. Dry hot towel	MD [95%CI]	0.00	[-0.14–0.14]	0.08	[-0.06–0.21]	0.08	[-0.07–0.23]
	t, d	0.02	,0.00	1.26	,0.13	1.19	,0.13
	P ^c	.999		.989		.389
Hot pack vs. Moist hot towel	MD [95%CI]	-0.01	[-0.14–0.13]	0.01	[-0.13–0.15]	0.08	[-0.08–0.23]
	t, d	0.02	,0.01	0.12	,0.01	1.14	,0.12
	P ^c	.989		.345		.418
Dry hot towel vs. Moist hot towel	MD [95%CI]	-0.01	[-0.11–0.13]	0.07	[-0.07–0.22]	0.07	[-0.04–0.19]
	t, d	0.15	,0.01	1.19	,0.12	1.19	,0.05
	P ^c	.188		.463		.882

CI conference interval, df degree of freedom, MD mean difference, SD standard deviation
^aA mixed-linear model for two-way repeated-measures ANOVA
^bOne-way repeated-measures ANOVA and Dunnett's test (T1 = control; * P < .01)
^cOne-way repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni correction (P < .0167)

ISSN: 1880-6805