Venous dilation effect of hot towel (moist and dry heat) versus hot pack for peripheral intravenous catheterization: a quasi-experimental study

Table 5 Comparison of changes in stratum corneum hydration (n = 88)

SCH (A.U.)		Change in heating = T2 – T1 (After heating – Baseline)	Change after removed = T3 – T2 (After tourniquet – After heating)
Hot pack	Mean (SD)	12.2 (8.4)	-5.3 (6.4)
Dry hot towel		10.2 (8.3)	-5.1 (6.0)
Moist hot towel		35.1 (18.8)	-28.4 (14.8)
Hot pack vs. Dry hot towel	MD [95%CI]	2.00 [-2.48–6.59]	0.19 [-3.45–3.83]
	t, d	1.00, 0.24	0.12, 0.05
	P^a	.319	.907
Hot pack vs. Moist hot towel	MD [95%CI]	22.87 [18.91–26.84]	23.30 [19.69–26.92]
	t, d	11.39, 1.42	14.24, 1.81
	P^a	< .001	< .001
Dry hot towel vs. Moist hot towel	MD [95%CI]	24.88 [20.43–29.33]	23.30 [20.11–26.50]
	t, d	12.48, 1.56	14.41, 1.83
	P^a	< .001	< .001

A.U. arbitrary units, CI conference interval, MD mean difference, SCH stratum corneum hydration, SD standard deviation
^aA mixed-linear model for one-way repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni correction (P < .0167)

ISSN: 1880-6805