FTO and MC4R polymorphisms, and selected pre-, peri- and postnatal factors as determinants of body mass index and fatness in children: a thorough analysis of the associations

Table 12 Multiple forward regression results predicting BMI z scores, FMI z scores, FFMI z scores, and FatM z scores in girls

Variable	R2	β	F	P-value
Model 1: BMI z scores	0.260		11.53	< 0.001
Paternal BMI		0.329		< 0.001
Highest body weight in pregnancy		0.284		< 0.001
FTO (ref. TT)		0.142		0.04
Maternal education level (Reference: higher education)		0.131		0.05
Pregnancy duration		-0.07		0.27
Model 2: FMI z scores	0.290		7.46	< 0.001
Paternal BMI		0.25		< 0.001
Highest body weight in pregnancy		0.34		< 0.001
Maternal education level (Reference: higher education)		0.26		< 0.001
FTO (ref. TT)		0.15		0.03
Pregnancy duration		-0.11		0.10
MC4R (ref. TT)		0.089		0.19
Maternal current BMI		-0.09		0.38
Prenatal stress (ref. 0)		-0.10		0.18
ACE at least one (ref. 0)		0.09		0.21
Model 3: FFMI z scores	0.147		4.68	< 0.001
Paternal BMI		0.27		< 0.001
Highest body weight in pregnancy		0.16		0.04
Mother's age at the child’s birth		-0.10		0.18
Pregnancy duration		-0.07		0.31
Prenatal stress (ref. 0)		-0.09		0.24
Sleep duration		0.08		0.30
Model 4: FatM z scores	0.289		8.17	< 0.001
Highest body weight in pregnancy		0.40		< 0.001
Paternal BMI		0.23		0.001
Maternal education level (Reference: higher education)		0.25		< 0.001
FTO (ref. TT)		0.14		0.04
Maternal current BMI		-0.13		0.19
Pregnancy duration		-0.09		0.18
Prenatal stress (ref. 0)		-0.12		0.10
ACE at least one (ref. 0)		0.11		0.13

ISSN: 1880-6805