Fig. 1
From: Leptospirosis in Malaysia: current status, insights, and future prospects
Leptospirosis cases and deaths in Malaysia from 2004 to 2021. The yearly distribution of leptospirosis cases and deaths in Malaysia from 2004 to 2021. The number of cases from 2004 to 2009 (green horizontal bar) does not represent the actual number of cases as leptospirosis disease notification only became mandatory in 2010 (purple horizontal bar). The cases increased gradually from 2010 to 2013 and then exponentially from 2013 to 2015. Then, it decreased in 2016 and 2017, increased in 2018 and 2019, and decreased again in 2020 and 2021. The incidence of leptospirosis cases remained similar from 2004 to 2007 and sharply increased in 2008 and peaked in 2010, declined till 2012 and peaked again in 2014, gradually declined till 2017, and increased a little in 2018 and continued a similar trend. Data on leptospirosis incidence in 2021 was not available. Source of data: Ministry of Health Malaysia, Annual Report 2010–2021. Estimated number of cases (2004–2009); Purple bar: The recorded number of cases (2010–2021)