Table 1 Characteristics of the participants

Age, year^a

64.4 ± 12.0

69.9 ± 6.3

61.1 ± 13.3

 < 0.001

TyG Index

8.6 ± 0.6

8.6 ± 0.5

8.6 ± 0.6

 = 0.201

Height, cm^a

159.3 ± 8.1

166.0 ± 5.8

155.2 ± 6.4

 < 0.001

Body weight, kg^a

57.7 ± 6.8

62.9 ± 5.8

54.5 ± 5.3

 < 0.001

Body mass index, kg/m^2a

22.7 ± 1.4

22.8 ± 1.3

22.6 ± 1.4

 < 0.001

Waist circumference, cm^a

80.6 ± 6.5

84.3 ± 5.6

78.3 ± 6.0

 < 0.001

SBP, mm Hg

119.7 ± 16.7

119.9 ± 16.6

119.6 ± 16.8

 = 0.450

DBP, mm Hg

75.4 ± 10.0

75.6 ± 9.9

75.3 ± 10.0

 = 0.329

FPG, mg/dL

99.9 ± 19.2

99.9 ± 19.0

99.9 ± 19.3

 = 0.965

HDLC, mg/dL

51.1 ± 12.6

51.0 ± 12.3

51.1 ± 12.8

 = 0.747

Triglyceride, mg/dL

124.3 ± 67.4

125.3 ± 66.1

123.8 ± 68.2

 = 0.453

Medication

 Antihypertensive medication, n (%)

1611 (34.1)

725 (40.6)

886 (30.2)

 < 0.001

 Lipid-lowering medication, n (%)

832 (17.6)

267 (14.9)

565 (19.3)

 < 0.001

 Antihyperglycemic medication, n (%)

664 (14.1)

328 (18.4)

336 (11.5)

 < 0.001

Chronic disease prevalence

 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, n (%)

415 (8.8)

98 (5.5)

317 (10.8)

 < 0.001

 T2DM, n (%)

1053 (22.3)

473 (26.5)

580 (19.8)

 < 0.001

 Hypertension, n (%)

2578 (54.6)

1078 (60.3)

1500 (51.1)

 < 0.001